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TB6631FNG 1 2015- 1 0 - 0 8 toshiba bi - cmos integrated circuit silicon monolithic TB6631FNG 3 - phase full - wave sine - wave pwm brushless motor controller the TB6631FNG is designed for motor fan applications for three - phase brushless dc motors. features ? si ne - wave pwm control ? triangular - wave generator (with a carrier frequency of f osc /252 hz) ? lead angle control (0 to 58 in 32 separate steps) automatic internal control by fg frequency ? current - limiting input pin ? voltage regulator (v refout = 5 v ( typ. ) , 30 ma ( max )) ? operating supply voltage range : v cc = 7 v to 16.5 v weight : 0.17 g (typ.) ? 201 5 toshiba corpor ation
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 2 block diagram in the above block diagram, part of the functional blocks or constants may be omitted or simplified for explanatory purposes . la osc/c hu m hv p hw p v sp v cc gnd res i dc fg u x v y w z rev v ref out osc/r hw m hu p h vm cw/ccw fv/r fv/c fvout ul 1 2 4 5 6 12 9 10 19 11 29 30 28 25 27 24 26 23 22 20 13 7 8 3 15 18 17 14 test2 test1 21 16 system clock generator position estimation counter 5 - bit adc 6 - bit triangular wave generator output waveform generator data selector 1 20/ 180 select g ate block dead time control charger 120 commutation matrix power - on reset protection reset phase alignment fg rotation direction st / sp cw / ccw err gb comparator comparator comparator comparator pwm hu hv hw 120/180 w u v internal ref. voltage voltage regulator f/v square voltage generator upper limit
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 3 pin configuration osc/r cw/ccw 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 rev fg z y x w v u v refout test2 v cc i dc fv/c fv/r test1 osc/c hup hum hvp hvm hwp hwm gnd res fvout v sp la ul
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 4 pin description pin no. symbol function description 1 osc/c oscillator capacitor cr oscillation 2 osc/r oscillator resistor 3 hup position signal input, u gate block protection is activated when position signal ( uvw ) = hhh or lll. these inputs have internal pull up resistors and digital filters ( ? D 10 res reset i nput l : runs the motor. h : stops the motor. (the commutation output signals are forced low.) the res input has an internal pull down resistor. 11 cw/ccw clockwise/counterclockwise rotation l : clockwise rotation h : counterclockwise rotation the cw/ccw inp ut has an internal pull up resistor. 12 v sp voltage command input the v sp input has an internal pull down resistor. 13 la lead angle (la) control input / output the la input / output allows the lead angle to be adjusted between 0 and 58 in 32 separate s teps. 14 ul upper limit for la the ul input determines the upper limit for the lead angle (ul = 0 to 5.0 v). 15 fvout f/v output voltage f/v 16 test1 test terminal test1 terminal has an internal pull down resistor. test1 terminal must be left open or c onnected to gnd. 17 fv/r f/v resistor f/v 18 fv/c f/v capacitor f/v 19 i dc current limit control input the dc - link current is applied to the i dc input. the reference voltage is 0.5 v. the i dc input has an internal rc filter (with a time constant of 1 s) and a digital filter (with a time constant of 1 s). 20 v cc power supply v cc = 7 to 16.5 v 21 test2 switch for generation of modulation wave test2 terminal has an internal pull down resistor. l or open : every electrical angle of 360, h : every elect rical angle of 60. 22 v refout reference voltage output 5 v (typ.), 30 ma (max) a capacitor for oscillation prevention is connected to the v refout output. 23 u commutation signal output u, ( u high - side) high - active 24 v commutation signal output v , ( v h igh - side) 25 w commutation signal output w , ( w high - side) 26 x commutation signal output x, ( u low - side) 27 y commutation signal output y, ( v low - side) 28 z commutation signal output z , ( w low - side) 29 fg fg signal output the fg output gives thr ee pulses per electrical revolution. 30 rev reverse rotation detection signal the rev output is used to detect an occurrence of reverse rotation.
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 5 input/output equivalent circuits equivalent circuit diagrams may be partially omitted or simplified for exp lanatory purposes. pin symbol input/output signal internal circuit position signal input, u position signal input, v position signal input, w hup hum hvp hvm hwp hwm analog hysteresis : 7.5 mv (typ.) clockwise/counterclockwi se rotation l : cw h : ccw cw/ccw digital l : 0.8 v (max) h : v refout ? 1 v (min) reset input l : runs the motor. h : stops the motor. (reset) res digital l : 0.8 v (max) h : v refout ? 1 v (min) volt age command signal 1.0 v < v sp 2.1 v refresh operation (the x, y and z pins have a conduction duty cycle of 8%.) v sp analog v sp voltage range : 0 to 10 v when 5.7 v v sp 7.3 v, the pwm duty cycle is fixed at 92% (typ.). when 8.2 v v sp 10 v, the t b 6631 fng is put in test mode. lead angle control input 0 v : 0 5 v : 58 (5 - bit adc) la to fix the lead angle externally, ul and v refout should be connected together. the lead angle is linearly determined according to the volt age applied to the la input. la voltage range : 0 to 5.0 v (v refout ) if la v refout , the commutation occurs with the maximum lead angle of 58. when configured for auto lead angle control, the la input should be left open. at this time, the la input can be used to check the lead angle in real time. upper limit for la ul if the voltage applied to the la input exceeds the upper limit set by this input, it is clipped to limit the lead angle. ul = 0 to 5.0 v 1 00 v cc v cc 20 0 k v cc 100 from auto lead angle circuitry 150 k 10 0 v refout 100 k 2.0 k v ref out v re fout 100 k 2.0 k v refout v refout
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 6 pin symbol input/output signal internal circuit current limit control input i dc analog filter time constant : 1 s ( typ.) digital filter time constant : 1 s (typ.) gate block protection is activated when the i dc voltage exceeds 0.5 v . (it is deactivated after a carrier cycle.) if i dc is left unconnected, all the commutation outputs are disabled. reference voltage output v refout 5 0.5 v (30 ma ( max ) ) reverse rotation detection signal rev digital push - pull output (1 ma ( max ) ) fg signal output fg digital push - pull output (1 ma ( ma x ) ) the fg output gives three pulses per electrical revolution. commutation signal output, u commutation signal output, v commutation signal output, w commutation signal output, x commutation signal output, y commutation signa l output, z u v w x y z digital push - pull outputs (2 ma ( max ) ) l : 0.78 v (max) h : v refout ? 0.78 v (min) v refout 10 0 v refout v refout 10 0 v cc v cc v cc v refout 0.5 v 200 k 5 pf comparator
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 7 pin symbol input/output signal internal circuit f/v output voltage (connecting to capacitor) fvout analog outputs s elect input for generation of modulatio n wave l : every elctric angle of 360 h : every elctric angle of 60 test2 digital input l or open : 0.8 v ( max ) h : v refout ? 1 v ( min ) f v o ut 1 00 200 k v refout v refout 50 k
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 8 absolute maximum ratings (t a = 25 c) characteristics symbol rating unit supply voltage v cc 18 v input voltage v in (1) ? 0.3 to v cc (note 1) v v in (2) ? 0.3 to v refout + 0.3 (note 2) commutation output current i out 2 ma v refout output current i refout 30 (note 3) ma operating temperature t opr ? 30 to 115 c storage temperature t stg ? 55 to 150 c note 1 : v in (1) pins : v sp , la, and ul note 2 : v in (2) pins : hup, hvp, hwp, hum, hvm, hwm , cw/ccw, i dc, and t est2 note 3 : since the v re fout pin delivers a maximum output current of 30 ma, care should be exercised to the output impedance. operating ranges ( t a = 25c) characteristics symbol min typ. max unit supply voltage v cc 7 15 16.5 v oscillation frequency f osc 3 4.5 6 mhz
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 9 e lectrical characteris tics (t a = 25c, v cc = 15 v) characteristics symbol test condition min typ. max unit supply current i cc v refout = open D 5 8 ma input current i in (1) - 1 v in = 5 v la D 25 50 a i in (1) - 2 v in = 5 v v sp D 35 70 i in (2) - 1 v in = 5 v res D 50 100 i in (2) - 2 v in = 0 v cw/ccw ? 100 ? 50 D i in (2) - 3 v in = 5 v test2 D 100 200 input voltage v in high cw/ccw, res, and test2 v refout ? 1 D v refout v low D D 0.8 v sp t forced 120 commutation conduction duty cycle = 92% ? 3.8 s (typ.) 8.2 D 10 h pwm duty cycle = 92% 5.1 5.4 5.7 m refresh motor startup 1.8 2.1 2.4 l commutation off refresh 0.7 1.0 1.3 hall effect inputs input sensitivity v s differential inputs 100 D D mv pp common - mode input voltage v w 1.5 D 3.5 v input hysteresis v h (1) (note) 5.5 7.5 9.5 mv input delay time t dt hall inputs (f osc = 4.5 mhz) D 1.0 D s t dc i dc (f osc = 4.5 mhz) D 2. 5 D output voltage v out (h) - 1 i out = 2 ma u, v, w, x, y, z v refout ? 0.78 v refout ? 0.3 D v v out (l) - 1 i out = ? 2 ma u, v, w, x, y, z D 0.3 0.78 v rev (h) i out = 1 ma rev v refout ? 1.0 v refout ? 0.2 D v rev (l) i out = ? 1 ma rev D 0.2 1.0 v fg (h ) i out = 1 ma fg v refout ? 1.0 v refout ? 0.2 D v fg (l) i out = ? 1 ma fg D 0.2 1.0 v refout i out = 30 ma v refout 4.5 5.0 5.5 output leakage current i l (h) v out = 0 v u, v, w, x, y, z D 0 10 a i l (l) v out = v refout u, v, w, x, y, z D 0 10 dead tim e (cross conduction protection) t off (f osc = 4.5 mhz), i out = 2 ma 1.7 2.0 2.3 s current sensing v dc i dc 0.46 0.5 0.54 v setting error of auto lead angle v la fg in = 150 hz fv/c : 820 pf fv/r : 220 k , 0.22 f fvout : 0.1 f 0.82 1.02 1.22 v la limit se tting error 'u ul = 2.0 v ? 20 D 20 mv lead angle correction t la (0) la = 0 v or open, hall inputs = 100 hz D 0 D t la (2.5) la = 2.5 v, hall inputs = 100 hz 28 32 35 t la (5) la = 5 v, hall inputs = 100 hz 52 57 60 v cc monitor v cc (h) output turn - o n threshold 4.1 4.4 4.7 v v cc (l) output turn - off threshold 3.7 4.0 4.3 v h input hysteresis width D 0.5 D pwm oscillation frequency (carrier frequency) f c (20) osc/c = 330 pf, osc/r = 9.1 k 18 20 22 khz f c (18) osc/c = 330 pf, osc/r = 10 k 16.2 18 19.8 maximum conduction duty cycle t on (max) osc/c = 330 pf, osc/r = 10 k v sp = 5.7 v 89 92 95 % note : not tested in production
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 10 functional description 1. basic operation during startup, the motor is driven by square - wave commutation signals that are ge nerated according to the position signals. when the position signals indicate a rotational speed (f) of 1 hz, the TB6631FNG estimates the rotor positions from the position signals and modulate them. the TB6631FNG then generates sine - wave by comparing the m odulated signals against a triangular waveform. from startup to 1 hz : square - wave drive (120 commutation); over 1 hz : sine - wave pwm drive (180 commutation); f will be approximately 1 hz when f osc = 4 mhz 2. voltage command (v sp ) signal and bootstrap volta ge regulation (1) w hen v sp 1.0 v : the commutation signal outputs are disabled (i.e., gate protection is activated). (2) when 1.0 v < v sp 2.1 v : the low - side commutation signal outputs are turned on at a regular (pwm carrier) frequency. (the conduction duty c ycle is approx. 8%.) (3) when 2.1 v < v sp 7.3 v : during sine - wave pw m drive, the commutation signal outputs directly appear externally. during square - wave drive, the low - side transistors are forced on at a regular (pwm carrier) frequency. (the conduction du ty cycle is approx. 8%.) (4) when 8.2 v v sp 10 v (test mode) : the TB6631FNG is forced into square - wave drive mode. the drive mode switches from sine - wave pwm to square - wave drive at a v sp of 7.9 v typical. the conduction duty cycle during square - wave driv e is calculated as pwm_carrier_frequency 92% ? 3.8 s typical. 3. dead time insertion (cross conduction protection) to prevent a short - circuit between external low - side and high - side power elements during sine- wave pwm drive, a dead time is digitally inserted between the turn - on of one side and the turn - off of the other side. (the dead time is also implemented at the full duty cycle during square - wave drive.) t of f = 9/f osc t off ? s when f osc = 4.5 mhz, where f os c is the reference clock frequency (i.e., cr oscillator frequency). u (v, w) t off t off x (y, z) (1) (2) (3) 9 2 % 2.1 v 1.0 v 5.4 v v sp pwm d uty 7.3 v 8.2 v 10 v (4)
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 11 4. lead angle control the lead angle can be adjusted between 0 and 58 in 32 separate steps according to the induced voltage level on the la input / output, which works with 0 to 5 v. 0 v = 0 5 v = 58 (a lead angle of 58 is assumed when the la voltage exceeds 5 v.) (value is design target) step la [v] lead angle [deg] step la [v] lead angle [deg] step la [v] lead angle [deg] 0 0.000 0.000 11 1.719 20.625 22 3.438 41.250 1 0.156 1.87 5 12 1.875 22.500 23 3.594 43.125 2 0.313 3.750 13 2.031 24.375 24 3.750 45.000 3 0.469 5.625 14 2.188 26.250 25 3.906 46.875 4 0.625 7.500 15 2.344 28.125 26 4.063 48.750 5 0.781 9.375 16 2.500 30.000 27 4.219 50.625 6 0.938 11.250 17 2.656 31.875 28 4.375 52.500 7 1.094 13.125 18 2.813 33.750 29 4.531 54.375 8 1.250 15.000 19 2.969 35.625 30 4.688 56.250 9 1.406 16.875 20 3.125 37.500 31 4.844 58.125 10 1.563 18.750 21 3.281 39.375 32 5.000 58.125
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 12 auto lead angle functi on for auto lead angle function, set external component as below. then la pin output voltage controlled internal automatically by fg frequency. < reference data > pin no. symbol external component remarks 13 la c( la) capacitor for stability 15 fvout c(fvout) capacitor f or stability 17 fv/r r(fv/r) resistor for setting coefficient of square curve c(fv/r) capacitor for stability 18 fv/c c(fv/c) capacitor for setting coefficient of square curve reference data (measurement value) r(fv/r) 91 k 100 k 110 k 210 k 220 k 230 k c(fv/c) 820pf 820pf 820pf 820pf 820pf 820pf fg [hz] la [v] 160 0.25 0.29 0.35 1.15 1.25 1.35 170 0.28 0.33 0.38 1.29 1.40 1.52 180 0.31 0.36 0.43 1.44 1.56 1.70 190 0.34 0.40 0.47 1.59 1.73 1. 88 200 0.37 0.43 0.51 1.75 1.90 2.07 210 0.40 0.47 0.56 1.92 2.08 2.27 220 0.44 0.51 0.61 2.10 2.28 2.48 230 0.47 0.56 0.66 2.28 2.47 2.70 240 0.51 0.61 0.72 2.47 2.68 2.92 250 0.55 0.65 0.78 2.67 2.90 3.15 260 0.59 0.70 0.83 2.88 3.12 3.40 270 0.6 3 0.75 0.90 3.09 3.36 3.65 280 0.68 0.80 0.96 3.30 3.59 3.91 290 0.72 0.86 1.03 3.54 3.83 4.18 300 0.77 0.92 1.10 3.77 4.08 4.45 reference data (measurement value) r(fv/r) 91 k 100 k 110 k 210 k 220 k 230 k c(fv/c) 820pf 820pf 820pf 820pf 820pf 820pf fg [hz] la [v] 10 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 20 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 30 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.10 40 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.12 0.13 0.12 50 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.1 6 0.17 0.17 60 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.20 0.22 0.23 70 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.26 0.28 0.30 80 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.32 0.35 0.37 90 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.40 0.43 0.46 100 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.48 0.52 0.56 110 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.58 0.62 0.67 120 0.16 0.18 0.22 0.68 0.73 0.79 130 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.78 0.85 0.92 140 0.20 0.24 0.28 0.90 0.98 1.05 150 0.23 0.26 0.31 1.02 1.11 1.20 tb6631 fng la 13 fv/c 18 fv/r 17 fvout 15
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 13 lead angle by external input function for input to la pin by external voltage, set external component as below. 5. pwm carrier frequency the triangular waveform generator provides a carrier frequency of f osc /252 necessary for pwm generation. (the triangular wave is also used to force the switch - on of low - side commutation signal outputs during square - wave drive.) carrier frequency = f osc /252 (hz), where f osc = reference clock ( c r oscillator) frequency 6. reverse rotation signal this feature provides the rotational direction of the motor every 360 electrical degrees. a low on the rev pin indicates 180 commutation mode (with hall inputs of 1 hz). cw/ccw pin actual motor rotation direction rev pin low (cw) cw ( forward ) low ccw ( reverse ) high high (ccw) cw ( forward ) high ccw ( reverse ) low pin no. symbol external component re marks 13 la D la pin : external input voltage 15 fvout none or c(fvout) D 17 fv/r connect to gnd D 18 fv/c none D tb6631 fng la 13 fvout 15 fv/c 18 fv/r v refout 17
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 14 7. protection - related input pins overcurrent protection (i dc pin) if the voltage of the dc - link cu rrent exceeds the internal reference voltage, the commutation signals are forced low. overcurrent protection is disabled after every carrier period. reference voltage = 0.5 v (typ.) (5) gate block protection (res pin) when the res input is high, the commutati on outputs are disabled. when the res input is then set low or open, the commutation outputs are re - enabled. any irregular conditions of the motor should be detected by external hardware; such indications should be presented to the res input. res pin comm utation output signals (u, v, w, x, y, z) high low low or open the motor can be driven. (when res = high, charging of the bootstrap capacitor stops.) (6) internal protection ? abnormal position signal protection when the position signal inputs (uvw) are all highs or all lows, the commutation outputs are forced off (i.e., set low ). when these inputs are then set to any other combination, the commutation outputs are re - enabled. (the all - high and all - low conditions are hall sensor outputs.) ? under voltage lockout (v cc monitor) while the power supply voltage is outside the rated range during power - on or power - off, the commutation outputs are set to the high - impedance state to prevent external power elements from damage due to short - circuits. outputs h igh - impedance commutation signal power s upply voltage 4.5 v (typ. ) 4.0 v (typ. ) gnd v m v cc outputs h i gh - impedance output s enabled
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 15 operation flow note : the conduction period is reduced by the dead time. (carrier fr equency 92 % ? t d 2) voltage command v sp sine - w ave d rive m ode commutation duty cycle 2.1 v ( typ. ) 92% 5.4 v ( typ . ) voltage command v sp square - w ave d rive m ode commutation duty cycle (u, v, w) 2.1 v ( typ. ) 92% (note) 5.0 v ( typ. ) sine - wave patterns ( modulated signal ) triangular wave ( carrier ) position estimation counter system clock generator phase alignment position signals (h all sensors ) voltage command cr osc i llator comparator w phase v phase u phase u x v y w z
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 16 generation timing of modulation wave timing of generating modulation wave and the reset can be selected by the test2 terminal. test2 function l generating modulation wave every electric angle of 3 60 h generati ng modulation wave every electric angle of 60 when test2 = l the position signals from hall sensors are modulated, and the modulated signals are then compared against a triangular waveform to generate a sinusoidal pwm waveform. the counter measures the period from a given falling edge of the hu input to its next falling edge (360 electrical degrees). this period is then used as 360 phase data for the next modulation. a total of 192 ticks comprise 360 electrical degrees; the length of a tick equals 1/19 2nds the time period of the immediately preceding 360 phase. in the above diagram, the modulated waveforms have an interval (t 1 ) equal to the interval between a falling edge of hu to its next falling edge (t 1 ) of the previous cycle. if there is not an hu falling edge before t 1 ends, t 2 becomes equal to t 1 until the next falling edge of hu. modulation is reset on each falling edge of hu, which occurs every 360 electrical degrees. while the motor is accelerating or decelerati ng, the modulated waveform becomes discontinuous upon each reset. note : in the above diagram, hu is shown as square waveforms for the sake of simplicity. hu s u s v s w t 1 ? = t 1 t 2 ? = t 2 t 1 t 2 t 1 ? t 2 ? (note)
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 17 when test2 = h the position signals from hall sensors are modulated, and the modulated signal s are then compared against a triangular waveform to generate a sinusoidal pwm waveform. the counter measures the period from a given rising (falling) edge of three hall signals to its next rising (falling) edge (60 electrical degrees). this period is then used as 60 phase data for the next modulation. a total of 32 ticks comprise 60 electrical degrees; the length of a tick equals 1/32nds the time period of the immediately preceding 60 phase. in the above diagram, the modulated waveforms have an interval ( (1) ) equal to the interval of 1/32 between a rising edge of hu to a falling edge of hw ( (1) ). and the modulated waveforms have an interval ( (2) ) equal to the interval of 1/32 between a falling edge of hw to a rising edge of h v ( (2) ). if there is not an hu rising edge before 32 ticks ends, (2) becomes equal to (1) until the next rising edge of hu. phase of data and modulated waveform is adjusted for every zero cross of position detecting signal. modulation is reset on each r ising and falling edge of position detecting signal, which occurs every 60 electrical degrees. while the hall signal is out of its position and the motor is accelerating or decelerating, the modulated waveform becomes discontinuous upon each reset. note : i n the above diagram, hu is shown as square waveforms for the sake of simplicity. * t s v (1) ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 31 32 32 data * t * t = t ( 1) 1/32 hu hv hw s u s v s w (5) (2) (6) (1) (3) (6) ? (1) ? (2) ? (3) ? * hu, hv, hw : hall signals
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 18 forward rotation timing chart ( cw/ccw = low, la = gnd) * : when the hall input frequency is equal to or greater than 1 hz (@ f osc = 4 mhz), l ead angle control is activated according the la input. the above timing chart is simplified to illustrate the function and behavior of the device. hwm hvp hwp hup hvm hum 0 < h all signals < 1 hz (120 commutation) z x y v w u fg (non - inverted h all signal inputs) 1 hz < h all signals (180 commutation : modulated waveforms ) s u s v s w fg
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 19 forward rotation timing char t (cw/ccw = low, la = gnd) * : wh en cw/ccw = low, inve rted hall signals put the TB6631FNG in 120 commutation mode with a lead angle of 0 (reverse rotation). the above timing chart is simplified to illustrate the function and behavior of the device. z fg x y v w u hwm hvp hwp hup hvm hum (inve rted h all signal input) reverse rotation sensing (120 commutation )
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 20 reverse rotation timing char t (c w/ccw = high, la = gnd) * : when the hall input frequency is equal to or greater than 1 h z (@ f osc = 4 mhz), lead angle control is activated according the la input. the above timing chart is simplified to illustrate the function and behavior of the device. z fg x y v w u hwm hvp hwp hup hvm hum 0 < < (inverted h all signal input) 1 hz < hall signals (180 commutation : modu lated waveforms ) s u s v s w fg
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 21 reverse rotation timing cha rt (cw/ccw = high, la = gnd) * : when cw/cc w = high , non - inverted hall signals put the TB6631FNG in 120 commutation mode with a lead angle of 0 (reverse rotation). the above timing chart is simplified to illustrate the function and behavior of the device. z fg x y v w u hwm hvp hwp hup hvm hum (non - inverted h all signal input) reverse rotation sensing (120 commutation )
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 22 square - wave drive waveform (cw/c cw = low) note : square waveforms are used in the above diagram for the sake of simplicity. to obtain an adequate bootstrap voltage, the low - side outputs (x, y and z) are always turned on for eight percent of the carrier period (t onl ) even during the off time of the low side in 120 commutation mode. as shown in the enlarged view , the high - side outputs (u, v and w) are turned off for a dead time period while the low - side outputs are on. (t d varies with the v sp input.) carrier frequency = f osc /252 (hz) dead time : t d = 9/f osc (s) ( v sp 5.0 v ) t onl = carrier_frequency 8% (s) (constant regardless of the v sp input) in square - wave drive mode, the changing of the motor speed is enabled, depending on the v sp voltage; the motor speed is determined by the duty cycle of t onu . (see the square - wave drive mode diagram on page 1 5 .) note : at startup, the motor is driven by a square wave when the hall signal frequency is 1 hz or lower (@ f osc = 4 mhz) and when the motor is rotating in the direction reverse to the settings of the TB6631FNG (rev = hi gh). hall signal inputs h u h v h w enlarged view u x v y w z out put waveforms t onu t onl t d w z t d (note)
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 23 sine - wave drive waveform (cw /ccw = low) in sine - wave drive mode, the amplitude of the modulated signals varies with the v sp voltage, and the motor speed changes with the conduction duty cycle of the output waveforms. (see the sine - wave drive mode diagram on page 1 5 .) triangular wave frequency = carrier frequency = f osc /252 (hz) note : at startup, the motor is driven by a sine wave when the hall signal frequency is 1 hz or higher (@ f osc = 4 mhz) and when the motor is rotati ng in the same direction as settings of the TB6631FNG (rev = low). inside TB6631FNG v phase u phase w phase modulated signals triangular wave (carrier) v uv ( u - v ) v vw ( v - w ) v wu ( w - u ) phase voltage differences output waveforms u x v y w z
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 24 application circuit example note 1 : connect to ground as necessary to prevent ic malfunction due to noise. note 2 : connect gnd to signal ground on the appli cation circuit. note 3 : utmost care is required in the design of the output, v cc , and gnd lines since the ic may shatter or explode due to short - circuits between outputs, short to v cc or short to ground. the ic may also shatter or explode when it is instal led in a wrong orientation. mcu 7 to 16.5 v v refout m osc/c hu m hv p hw p v sp v cc gnd i dc fg u x v y w z v ref out osc/r hw m hu p h vm cw/ccw la fv/r fv/c to hall sensors or pull - up power supply hall sensor signals ( note 1 ) power device res fvout rev v r efout 1 2 4 5 6 12 9 10 19 11 29 30 28 25 27 24 26 23 22 20 13 7 8 3 15 18 17 system clock generator position estimation counter 5 - bit adc 6 - bit triangular wave generato r output waveform generator data selector 120/ 180 select gate block dead time control charger 120 commutation matrix power - on reset protection reset phase alignment fg rotation direction st / sp cw / ccw err gb comparator compar ator comparator comparator pwm hu hv hw 120/180 w u v internal ref. voltage voltage regulator f/v square voltage generator upper limit 14 ul test2 test1 21 16 v refout ( note 2 )
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 25 package dimensions weight : 0.17 g (typ.)
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 26 notes on contents block diagrams some of the functional blocks, circuits, or constants in the block diagram may be omitted or simplified for explanatory purposes. equivalent circuit s the equivalent circuit diagrams may be simplified or some parts of them may be omitted for explanatory purposes. timing charts timing charts may be simplified for explanatory purposes. absolute maximum ratings the absolute maximum ratings of a semicond uctor device are a set of ratings that must not be exceeded, even for a moment. do not exceed any of these ratings. exceeding the rating(s) may cause device breakdown, damage, deterioration or ignition, and may result injury by explosion or combustion. app lications using the device should be designed so that no maximum rating will ever be exceeded under any operating conditions. it must be ensured that the device is used within the specified operating range. application circuits the application circuits sh own in this document are provided for reference purposes only. thorough evaluation is required, especially at the mass production design stage. toshiba does not grant any license to any industrial property rights by providing these examples of application circuits. test circuits components in the test circuits are used only to obtain and confirm the device characteristics. these components and circuits are not guaranteed to prevent malfunction or failure from occurring in the application equipment.
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 27 ic usa ge considerations notes on handling of ics (1) the absolute maximum ratings of a semiconductor device are a set of ratings that must not be exceeded, even for a moment. do not exceed any of these ratings. exceeding the rating(s) may cause the device breakdown, damage or deterioration, and may result injury by explosion or combustion. (2) use an appropriate power supply fuse to ensure that a large current does not continuously flow in case of over current and/or ic failure. the ic will fully break down when used un der conditions that exceed its absolute maximum ratings, when the wiring is routed improperly or when an abnormal pulse noise occurs from the wiring or load, causing a large current to continuously flow and the breakdown can lead smoke or ignition. to mini mize the effects of the flow of a large current in case of breakdown, appropriate settings, such as fuse capacity, fusing time and insertion circuit location, are required. (3) if your design includes an inductive load such as a motor coil, incorporate a prot ection circuit into the design to prevent device malfunction or breakdown caused by the current resulting from the inrush current at power on or the negative current resulting from the back electromotive force at power off. ic breakdown may cause injury, s moke or ignition. use a stable power supply with ics with built - in protection functions. if the power supply is unstable, the protection function may not operate, causing ic breakdown. ic breakdown may cause injury, smoke or ignition. (4) do not insert device s in the wrong orientation or incorrectly. make sure that the positive and negative terminals of power supplies are connected properly. otherwise, the current or power consumption may exceed the absolute maximum rating, and exceeding the rating(s) may caus e the device breakdown, damage or deterioration, and may result injury by explosion or combustion. in addition, do not use any device that is applied the current with inserting in the wrong orientation or incorrectly even just one time. points to remember on handling of ics (1) over current protection circuit over current protection circuits (referred to as current limiter circuits) do not necessarily protect ics under all circumstances. if the over current protection circuits operate against the over current, clear the over current status immediately. depending on the method of use and usage conditions, such as exceeding absolute maximum ratings can cause the over current protection circuit to not operate properly or ic breakdown before operation. in addition, depending on the method of use and usage conditions, if over current continues to flow for a long time after operation, the ic may generate heat resulting in breakdown. (2) heat radiation design in using an ic with large current flow such as power amp, regul ator or driver, please design the device so that heat is appropriately radiated, not to exceed the specified junction temperature (tj) at any time and condition. these ics generate heat even during normal use. an inadequate ic heat radiation design can lea d to decrease in ic life, deterioration of ic characteristics or ic breakdown. in addition, please design the device taking into considerate the effect of ic heat radiation with peripheral components. (3) back - emf when a motor rotates in the reverse direction , stops or slows down abruptly, a current flow back to the motors power supply due to the effect of back - emf. if the current sink capability of the power supply is small, the devices motor power supply and output pins might be exposed to conditions beyon d absolute maximum ratings. to avoid this problem, take the effect of back - emf into consideration in system design.
TB6631FNG 201 5 - 10- 0 8 28 restrictions on product use ? toshiba corporation, and its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively "toshiba"), reserve the right to make changes to the information in this document, and related hardware, software and systems (collectively "product") without notice. ? this document and any information herein may not be reproduced without prior written permission from toshiba. even with tosh iba's written permission, reproduction is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration/omission. ? though toshiba works continually to improve product's quality and reliability, product can malfunction or fail. customers are responsible for compl ying with safety standards and for providing adequate designs and safeguards for their hardware, software and systems which minimize risk and avoid situations in which a malfunction or failure of product could cause loss of human life, bodily injury or dam age to property, including data loss or corruption. before customers use the product, create designs including the product, or incorporate the product into their own applications, customers must also refer to and comply with (a) the latest versions of all relevant toshiba information, including without limitation, this document, the specifications, the data sheets and applicatio n notes for product and the precautions and conditions set forth in the "toshiba semiconductor reliability handbook" and (b) the in structions for the application with which the product will be used with or for. customers are solely responsible for all aspe cts of their own product design or applications, including but not limited to (a) determining the appropriateness of the use of thi s product in such design or applications; (b) evaluating and determining the applicability of any information contained in this document, or in charts, diagrams, programs, algorithms, sample application circuits, or any other referenced documents; and (c) validating all operating parameters for such designs and applications. toshiba assumes no liability for customers' product design or applications. ? product is neither intended nor warranted for use in equipments or systems that require extraordinarily hig h levels of quality and/or reliability, and/or a malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life, bodily injury, serious property damage and/or serious public impact ( " unintended use " ). except for specific applications as expressly stated in t his document, unintended use includes, without limitation, equipment used in nuclear facilities, equipment used in the aerospace industry, medical equipment, equipment used for automobiles, trains, ships and other transportation, traffic signalin g equipment, equipment used to control combustions or explosions, safety devices, elevators and escalators, devices related to electric power, and equipment used in finance - related fields. if you use product for unintended use, toshiba assumes no liability for product. for details, please contact your toshiba sales representative. ? do not disassemble, analyze, reverse - engineer, alter, modify, translate or copy product, whether in whole or in part. ? product shall not be used for or incorporated into any pr oducts or systems whose manufacture, use, or sale is prohibited under any applicable laws or regulations. ? the information contained herein is presented only as guidance for product use. no responsibility is assumed by toshiba for a ny infringement of pate nts or any other intellectual property rights of third parties that may result from the use of product. no license to any intellectual property right is granted by this document, whether express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise. ? absent a written sign ed agreement, except as provided in the relevant terms and conditions of sale for product, and to the maximum extent allowable by law, toshiba (1) assumes no liability whatsoever, including without limitation, indirect, consequential, special, or incidenta l damages or loss, including without limitation, loss of profits, loss of opportunities, business interruption and loss of data, and (2) disclaims any and all express or implied warranties and conditions related to sale, use of product, or information, inc luding warranties or conditions of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, accuracy of information, or noninfringement. ? do not use or otherwise make available product or related software or technology for any military purposes, including witho ut limitation, for the design, development, use, stockpiling or manufacturing of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons or mis sile technology products (mass destruction weapons). product and related software and technology may be controlled under the app licable export laws and regulations including, without limitation, the japanese foreign exchange and foreign trade law and the u.s. export administration regulations. export and re - export of product or related software or technology are strictly prohibited except in compliance with all applicable export laws and regulations. ? please contact your toshiba sales representative for details as to environmental matters such as the rohs compatibility of pr oduct. please use product in compliance with all applicabl e laws and regulations that regulate the inclusion or use of controlled substances, including without limitation, the eu rohs directive. toshiba assumes no liability for damages or losse s occurring as a resul t of noncompliance w ith applicable laws and regu l at i o n s .

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